Even from school, we all heard about such a thing as personification. What is it? Many have probably forgotten. What is a given for what is used and what is characteristic of it. Now we will try to recall and understand this issue in more detail.
Impersonation: Definition, Detailed Description
Often this literary method is used in fairy tales. Impersonation is the imparting of thoughts, feelings, feelings, speech or actions to phenomena, inanimate objects and animals. objects can move independently, nature is a living world, and animals speak in human voices and are able to think in a way that only people can do in reality. The origin of the personification dates back to the ancient world, when everything was based on myths. It is in myths that talking animals are first encountered, as well as giving things uncharacteristic for them properties. At the same time, one of the main tasks of personalization is to approximate the abilities of the inanimate world to those that are characteristic of the living.
Impersonation Examples
You can more clearly understand the essence of personification by giving a few examples:
What is the personification
What does it mean?
The personification (a word that gives objects revival) is often a verb that can appear both before and after the noun, which it describes, more precisely, puts it into action, animates it and gives the impression that an inanimate object can also fully exist like a man. But this is not just a verb, but a part of speech that takes on a lot more functions, transforming speech from ordinary to bright and mysterious, unusual and at the same time able to tell a lot about characterization of personification.
Personalization as a literary trail
Literature is the source of the most colorful and expressive phrases that animate phenomena and objects. In another way, in literature this trail is also called personalization, embodiment or anthropomorphism, metaphor or humanization. It is often used in poetry to create a more complete and melodic form. To give more heroism and a reason for admiration for them, personification is often also used. That this is a literary tool, that any other, such as an epithet or allegory, all serve to embellish phenomena, to create a more impressive reality. It is enough to consider only a simple literary phrase: "Night bloomed with golden lights." How much poetry and harmony are in it, the flight of thought and reverie, the colorfulness of the word and the brightness of the expression of thought.
One could simply say that stars are burning in the night sky, but such a phrase would be full of banality. And just one single personification can radically change the sound of all, it would seem, familiar and understandable phrases. In addition, it should be noted that the personification as part of the literature appeared due to the desire of the authors to bring the description of the characters of folklore closer to the heroism and greatness of those mentioned in ancient Greek myths.
The use of personification in everyday life
We hear examples of avatars and use them in everyday life almost daily, but we don’t think about what they are. Should they be used in speech or is it better to avoid it? At its core, incarnations are mythopoetic in nature, but over the long period of their existence they have become an integral part of ordinary everyday speech. It all started with the fact that during the conversation they began to use quotes from poems and others that gradually turned into familiar phrases for everyone. It seems to be the usual expression "the clock is in a hurry" is also an embodiment. It is used both in everyday life, and in literature, and is actually a typical personification. Fairy tale and myth are the main sources, in other words, the foundation of those metaphors that are used in conversation today.
Reincarnated Avatar
What it is?
This statement can be explained in terms of the evolution of personification. As an embodiment in ancient times was used as a religious and mythological device. Now it is used to transfer the abilities of living beings to inanimate objects or phenomena and is used in verse. That is, personalization gradually acquired a poetic character. Nowadays, there are many disputes and conflicts about this, because experts from different scientific fields interpret the character of personification in their own way. A reincarnated or ordinary personification still has not lost its significance, although it is described from different points of view. Without it, it is difficult to imagine our speech and, in fact, modern life.
D. Ushakov believes that personification Is a kind of metaphor. In fact, the way it is. Impersonation is the transfer of the properties of living things to inanimate objects.. That is, inanimate objects (objects, natural phenomena, physical manifestations, etc.) are identified with living things, “come to life”. For example, it is raining. Physically, he cannot go, but there is such a turn of speech. Other examples from our daily lives: the sun is shining, frost has hit, dew has poured out, the wind is blowing, the outbuilding is spinning, the tree is waving leaves, the aspen is trembling... Yes, there are many!
Where did it come from? It's believed that avatar ancestor - animism. It was common for the ancient ancestors of man to endow inanimate objects with “living” properties - so they sought to explain the world around them. From a belief in mystical creatures and gods, such a wonderful pictorial medium as personification has grown.
The details of what the personification is and what its varieties are, we are not particularly interested in. Let literary scholars understand this. Poetters are much more interested how the personification can be used in a work of art and, including, in verses.
If you open any poem with a description of nature, you will find many personifications in it. For example, try to find all the avatars in S. Esenin’s poem “Birch”:
White birch
Under my window
She covered herself with snow
Like silver.
On fluffy branches
Snow border
Bloomed brushes
White fringe.
And there is a birch
In sleepy silence
And the snowflakes are burning
In the golden fire.
A dawn, lazy
Walking around
sprinkles branches
New silver.
You see: there are no simple, philistine, primitive personifications that we are used to using in everyday life. Each personification is an image. This is the meaning of the use of avatar. The poet does not use it as a “thing in himself”; in his poetry, personification rises above the “worldly level” and goes over to the level of imagery. With the help of avatars Yesenin creates a special picture. Nature in a poem is alive - but not just alive, but endowed with character and emotions. Nature is the main character of his poem.
The attempts of many poets to create a beautiful poem about nature, where the wind always blows, the moon shines, the stars shine, etc., look sadly against this background. All these avatars are battered and obliterated; they do not give rise to any imagery and, therefore, are boring.
But this does not say that they should not be consumed. And the erased avatar can be raised to the level of the image. For example, in the poem “Snow is falling” by Boris Pasternak:
It is snowing, it is snowing.
To the white stars in the snowstorm
Geranium flowers stretch
For window binding.
It is snowing and everything is in turmoil
Everything is flying,
Black staircase steps
Crossroads turn.
It's snowing, it's snowing
Like it’s not flakes falling
And in a paid salop
The firmament descends to the earth.
Like with a look of an eccentric
From the upper landing
Sneaking while playing hide and seek
The sky is falling from the attic.
Because life does not wait.
Do not look back - and Christmas time.
Only the gap is short,
You look, there is a new year.
It is snowing, thick-thick.
Keeping up with him, those feet
At the same pace, with that laziness
Or at the same speed
Maybe time passes?
Maybe year after year
Follow as it snows
Or like words in a poem?
It's snowing, it's snowing
It is snowing, and everything is in turmoil:
White pedestrian
Surprised plants
Crossroads turn.
Notice how many avatars are here. "The sky is coming down from the attic," the steps and the intersection that fly into the air! Some "surprised plants" are worth it! And refrain (constant repetition) “it is snowing” takes a simple personification to the level of semantic repetition - and this is already a symbol. The personification “Snow is falling” is a symbol of the passing time.
Therefore, in your poems you should try use the personification not just in itself, but so that it plays a role. For example, a great example of avatar is available. The prologue describes the wind circling over St. Petersburg, and the whole city is shown from the point of view of this wind. The wind is the protagonist of the prologue. No less remarkable is the image of the title character of Nikolai Gogol’s novel “The Nose”. The nose is not only personified and personified (i.e. endowed with the features of a human person), but also becomes a symbol of the duality of the protagonist. Another wonderful example of personification is found in the lyric poem by Mikhail Lermontov, "A cloud of gold slept ...".
But do not confuse personification with allegory or anthropomorphism. For example, endowing an animal with human traits, as in Krylov’s fables, will not be personification. Of course, allegory is impossible without impersonation, but this is a completely different pictorial means.
Hello dear readers of the blog site. Avatar is one of the artistic techniques in literature.
Together with the "brothers" -, - it serves one purpose. It helps to saturate the work with vivid images, makes it more colorful and interesting.
But unlike the rest, his easiest to recognize and understand what it is.
What are these examples
Here is an example of a famous Fet poem using avatars:
The pond cannot dream, and the poplar is asleep. As well as acacia can not "beg." All these are artistic techniques that enliven the inanimate and bring beauty to the literary work.
Let us briefly leave literature aside and give an example from our usual vocabulary. Remember how often you yourself say or hear:
Weather whispers
Clock running / lagging
The pipe is calling
Things went uphill
From the point of view of literal understanding, these phrases are meaningless and incorrect. After all, finance can not sing, the weather whisper, the pipe call - they do not have a mouth for this. And a watch with legs is hard to imagine.
All these verbs applicable only to living beings, whether human or animal. But not to inanimate objects. But this is the meaning of PERSONALIZATION.
This word itself came to the Russian language from Latin. True, there you can often meet - a personification formed of two parts - persona (person) and facio (I do).
Historical roots are also traced - in ancient times, people often attributed human properties to the forces of nature, endowed them with any object. And this helped them better understand the world around them. From this hoax, a literary device was born.
A few more examples for clarity:
I would call this technique a little differently - animation. It’s easier to understand its meaning.
Avatar in Russian folklore
Since we are talking about ancient times, we must definitely mention that many avatars can be found in Russian folk proverbs and sayings. And most importantly, we know them, constantly consume and perceive it as something completely normal:
The word is not a sparrow. WILL FLY OUT - DO NOT CATCH
FOUND a scythe on a stone
If the mountain DOES NOT GO to Mohammed
The case of the master is AFRAID
And one more bright with the use of avatar - here it is as unambiguous as possible:
As in our bazaar
Pies bake with eyes.
They are baked - they are RUN,
They are eaten - they LOOK!
Even more avatars can be found. It is full of all inanimate objects that can move, talk and generally behave like living things.
Well, for example, you can recall the carpet-plane, the stupa of Baba Yaga, the stove that helped the children escape from the Geese-Swans. Yes, even Moidodyr, The Nutcracker, Pinocchio and the Scarecrow with the Lumberjack will do here. Surely you will recall many more examples where an inanimate object suddenly becomes alive.
IN " A word about Igor's regiment»You can find the following examples of avatars:
And how many beautiful avatars Alexander Sergeevich meets Pushkin. It is enough to consider the "Tale of the Dead Princess". Remember who Tsarevich Elisha asked for help? By the wind, month, sun.
Light is our sun! You walk
Year round in the sky
Winter with warm spring
SEE us all under you.Month, month, my friend
Gilded horn!
You STAND UP in the deep darkness
Chubby, fair-skinned,
And your custom is LOVE
Stars LOOK at you.The wind, the wind! You are powerful
You are chasing swarms of clouds
You care about the blue sea
Everywhere you blow in the open
DON'T BE AFRAID OF ANYONE
Except for one god.
See, here they are all endowed with human properties. And after the question “Have you seen the princess?” They also answer Elisha. That is, they behave as absolutely alive.
Examples of avatars in the literature
And it is no coincidence that we mentioned Pushkin. In the literature, a similar technique most often found in poetry. After all, this one is more melodic, dreamy, in it, as nowhere else, the flight of thought and various images are welcomed.
For example, Fedor Tyutcheva whole mountains come to life thanks to just one word:
Through the azure dusk of night
Snow Alps LOOKING;
Dead eyes
Icy horror smashed.
Or the famous “Sail” by M.Yu. Lermontov. After all, the poem does not say a word that people control the boat. She herself is the protagonist of the whole poem, who lives, fights with the waves and moves towards one well-known goal:
Lonely sail whitens
In the blue sea fog! ..
What is he looking for in a distant country?
What he threw in his native land?
Yesenin in his work, he generally perceived nature as a living organism. And therefore, in his works you can often find personifications.
For example, "TOLD the golden grove", "SINGING winter, AUKET, shaggy forest BAYUKET", "hempweed is DREAMING of all those who have gone away," "The Moon WAS LIKE like a clown." And in the poem "Good morning" and at all the personification on the personification:
BELLING golden stars
The mirror of trembling trembled ...
SMILE sleepy birches, SMILE
SILKED SILK braids ...Wattle overgrown with nettles
DECORATED with bright mother of pearl
And swinging, WHISPERS playfully:
- Good morning!
You can also find vivid examples of avatar in prose.
His eyes, still sparkling with tears, LAUGHED insolently and happily. (Turgenev)
The bowler is ANGRY and MUMPS on fire. (Paustovsky)
But nevertheless, prose always looks poorer than poetry. Therefore, all the most striking images and techniques should be sought precisely in poems.
Impersonation in advertising
We can also see examples of avatars daily on television screens or street banners. Advertisers have long begun to use vivid images and “Revive” that productto be sold.
Everyone is familiar with the series of commercials of the “M & M’s” dragee where the main characters are sweets Yellow and Red.
And many heard similar slogans:
- “Tefal always THINKS about us!” (Tefal pans);
- “SPEAK in your body language” (Always pads);
- “TAKE CARE of the beauty of your legs” (Sanpellegrino tights);
- “WISHES you autumn without flu and colds” (Anaferon drug);
- “Ordinary mascara will never go this far” (L`Oreal mascara).
Conclusion
By the way, if you notice, then as the personification always acts the verb. This is a distinctive feature of this literary device. It is the verb that “animates” a particular noun, endowing it with certain properties.
But at the same time, this is not a simple verb that we use in our speech (he goes, he sees, he rejoices, etc.). In this case, he also adds to the text expressiveness and brightness.
Good luck to you! See you soon on the blog pages site
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Impersonation is the endowment of inanimate objects with signs and properties of a person [... A star with a star says (L.); The earth sleeps in blue shine ... (L.)]. Avatar is one of the most common paths. The tradition of its use goes back to oral folk poetry (Do not make noise, mothers, green oak-tree, do not bother me, good fellow, think dumat ...).
Avatars are used in the description of natural phenomena surrounding the person of things that are endowed with the ability to feel, think, act
A special type of personification is personification (from Lat. Persona - person, facere - to do) - the complete likening of an inanimate object to a person. In this case, objects are not endowed with private features of a person (as in personification), but acquire a real human appearance:
Allegory
Allegory (gr. Allēgoria - allegory, from allos - different, agoreúo - I say) is the expression of abstract concepts in specific artistic images. For example, in fables, fairy tales, stupidity, obstinacy are embodied in the image of the Donkey, cowardice in the image of the Hare, cunning in the image of the Fox. Allegorical meaning can be received by allegorical expressions: the autumn has come can mean "old age has come" ,.
Individual author's allegories often take on the character of a detailed metaphor that receives a special compositional solution. For example, A.S. Pushkin's allegory lies at the heart of the figurative system of poems "Arion", "Anchar", "Prophet", "Nightingale and the Rose"; at M.Yu. Lermontov - poems "Dagger", "Sail", "Cliff" and others.
Metonymy
Metonymy (from gr. Metonomadzo - rename) is the transfer of the name from one subject to another on the basis of their adjacency. For example: Porcelain and bronze on the table (P
Of interest is the metonymy of definitions. For example, in Pushkin, a combination of starchy impudent characterizes one of the secular guests. Of course, the meaning of the definition of re-starched can only be attributed to nouns that name some details of the fashionable dandy's toilet, but in figurative speech such a transfer of name is possible. In fiction there are examples of such metonymy (Then came a short old man in astonished glasses. - Boone
Antonomasia
A special kind of metonymy is antonomy (gr. Antonomasia - renaming) - a tropic consisting in the use of a proper name in a common noun. Hercules is sometimes figuratively called a strong man. In the language, the use of the figurative meaning of the words Don Quixote, Don Juan, Lovelace, etc.
The names of well-known public and political figures, scholars, and writers also have a common meaning [We all look at Napoleons ... (P.)].
The inexhaustible source of antonomassia is ancient mythology and literature.
However, antonomias still retains its expressive power, based on a rethinking of the names of historical figures, writers and literary heroes. Publicists use this trail most often in headlines.
Synecdoche
A kind of metonymy is the synecdoch in the use of the name of the part instead of the whole, private instead of the general and vice versa. (With birch trees inaudible, a yellow leaf flies off with a weight). (Free thought and scientific audacity broke their wings about ignorance and inertia of the political system
An epithet (from gr. Epitheton - appendix) is the figurative definition of an object or action (the moon makes its way through the wavy mists, it pours sad light onto sad glades. - P.).
There are exact red viburnum
(golden autumn, tear-stained windows)
Epithets are most often colorful definitions expressed by adjectives
The creation of figurative epithets is usually associated with the use of words in a figurative meaning (compare: lemon juice - lemon light of the moon; gray-haired old man - gray-haired fog; he lazily waved away mosquitoes - the river lazily rolls waves).
The epithets expressed by words acting in figurative meanings are called metaphorical (a golden cloud slept on the chest of a giant cliff, in the morning it dashed off early, playing lightly with fun ... - L.).
The epithet can be based on a metonymic transfer of the name, such epithets are called metonymic (... White smell of daffodils, happy, white spring smell ... - L. T.). Metaphorical and metonymic epithets belong to the paths [cardboard love (G.); moth beauty, tearful morning (Ch.); blue mood (Cupr.); wet lip wind (Shol.); transparent silence (Paust.)].
