It is the attic of the building adapted for habitation.
The attic can be the third floor, which is located directly under the roof of the building. The attic room is better at the design stage.
Sometimes it is possible to insulate the attic in a habitable building, but it may be necessary additionally insulate the roof. If you have already decided, then first of all you need to choose which types of mansard roofs are right for you.
Living space in the attic is most often associated with the main advantage of the attic - an increase in living space: the presence of additional rooms for living.
Other advantages of the attic are:
- Decorative attractiveness of the building in connection with a certain roof structure;
- Arrangement of the attic can be done not in a new house, but already inhabited, without leaving the house;
- The ability to insulate the room on their own (without special equipment).
In addition, the cost of building an extension, if it is necessary to increase the area for living, will be more significant than the cost of arranging an attic room.
The disadvantages include additional attic heating equipment, and forced ventilation. In addition, special windows must be installed.
The slope of the walls can also be attributed to the disadvantages of the attic room, since it reduces additional floor space, but it is possible to build an attic in several levels.
Mansard roof projects for private houses:
Sloping roof with balcony
Four-pitched mansard roof
Double pitched roof
Sloped roof device
under the attic looks like this:
- Interior design(drywall, plaster, etc.);
- vapor barrier. Prevents the formation of condensate moisture;
- insulation. Keeps heat in the room, preventing cold from getting into the under-roof voids;
- - the main frame of the roof, on which the entire roof structure rests;
- Waterproofing. A layer of film that protects the roofing pie from moisture from the outside;
- crate. Wooden structure, on the frame of which are attached;
- Roofing film. Protective material that protects the entire system. It is selected based on the choice of roofing;
- Roofing. The main protective outer material, which is the most powerful protection of the roof from external environmental factors.
In addition to the fact that it is necessary to consistently lay all layers of materials, it is necessary to install them correctly, taking into account the ventilation gaps.
Each material of the roofing cake must be laid in accordance with the laying technology.
If even the coating is laid in violation of the rules, this may lead to disruption of the functioning of other layers, and, as a result, to the destruction of the roof.
Mansard roof device drawing
roofing cake
Types of mansard roofs
Roof types are suitable for equipping an attic in an attic room, in which the height of the future attic room will meet the requirements for the arrangement of such roofs.
The most common under the attic:
- . The design is a plane fixed on opposite walls of various heights;
- . The design consists of two opposite slopes connected at the top;
- broken lines. The structures are similar to gable ones, only these have a kink that changes the trajectory of the slope;
- . The system is similar to a hipped roof, in which the opposite slopes from the ends are triangles with a beveled top, from the sides - trapezoid;
- . The design is similar to the hip system, only the side slopes are beveled from the pediment;
- Tent. The design is presented in the form of a tent, in the form of several faces that have a connection at the top.
The type of roof is just the visible frame of the roof, into which the attic is built in the form of a quadrangle. The design features of each type imply the presence of reference points of the attic structure with a roof.
In addition to typical forms of roofing, there can be one-story and two-story attics, which are best considered during design, calculating the load on buildings and the truss system.
Projects of houses with a mansard roof: photo below.
Semi-hipped mansard roof
Gable mansard roof
Shed mansard roof
Broken mansard roof
Four pitched mansard roof
Hipped mansard roof
Skylights
For natural lighting in the attic, windows must be installed.
They can be placed in the roof itself, on the gables or equipped in special birdhouses. The number, shape and location of windows depends on the design of the roof and on preference.
The material for making a profile for windows can be different: wood, PVC, aluminum.
The window profile is selected based on preferences, but it should be borne in mind that it is better not to use windows with a wooden profile for saunas.
In other cases suitable for windows with any profile.
Roof windows differ in the type of construction:
- Classic. Windows of a standard rectangular or square shape, having a frame and a movable or blind sash;
- Balcony. They are a double window shape, in which the lower deaf part is the parapet of the balcony, the upper one opens outward;
- Cornice. Installed with a high wall. An additional vertical element is installed under the opening sash;
- Inclined. Double design with one blind leaf (lower), the other - movable;
- Extensions. They can be semicircular or triangular. Built into the roof, they also have a decorative function;
- Tunnel for light. The light exit passes through a reflective tunnel, which is located in the attic above the attic.
In addition to the shape of windows, they can be classified according to the type of opening:
- With a central axis for turning;
- With a lateral type of opening in the form of a hatch;
- With the lower location of the axis of rotation at which the opening occurs outward;
- With raised axle.
Given that roof windows can be located in difficult to reach locations, manufacturers have invented electronic regulation: windows can be opened and closed using a remote control.
Skylight with balcony
roof window
Requirements for mansard roofs
Mansard roofs are structurally more complicated than conventional roofs with an attic, so they have different requirements:
- Necessary ensure complete waterproofing around the perimeter of the attic;
- It is important to take care of sound insulation, especially if the outer coating is metallic;
- When designing a truss structure, it is necessary to carefully calculate the load of the roof, taking into account natural loads;
- Provide ;
- Take care of natural lighting;
- Overhang of rafter legs should not be less than half a meter;
- Pay special attention.
CAREFULLY!
When choosing materials, you should pay attention not only to their quality characteristics, but also to take into account their weight: the lighter the materials, the less the load.
Overloading the structure can lead to deformation of the roof, in the worst case, to collapse. Therefore, when designing a roof, all factors should be taken into account.
How to design a sloping roof yourself
Any construction involves a preliminary calculation of materials, the cost of their purchase, installation, additional equipment.
For self-calculation of the mansard roof knowledge of the requirements for the arrangement of the attic and the design features of the structure will be required attic space.
- usable area of the dwelling;
- Area of slopes;
- window area.
Based on the calculations obtained, it will be possible to calculate the amount of materials and calculate their load.
Effective area
The calculation of the area is carried out from the low side of the walls, depending on the angle of inclination:
- At 30°, the height of the wall should not be less than 1.5 m;
- At 45 ° - not less than 1 m 10 cm;
- From 60 ° - at least half a meter.
In the drawing, on both slopes, the minimum height should be noted (for example, 1.5 m with a slope of 30 °) and draw a line perpendicular to the base - these are the side walls of the room.
Connect with a line parallel to the base, connecting the indicated points - a rectangle is formed. This is the usable area..
ATTENTION!
The residential area according to the project should not be more than 50% of the area of non-residential premises.
The side triangles, the sides of which are part of the base, the walls of the attic and the lower part of the slope - non-residential area.
Area of slopes
Then add up all the areas.
When calculating, it is necessary to take into account the area of \u200b\u200bcornices: Calculating the area of the slope to the wall line is incomplete for calculating the area of the entire slope.
window area
In design calculations, it is also necessary to take into account the area of \u200b\u200bwindow structures, which should not exceed 10% of the floor area. The smallest distance from the floor at which windows should be located is 80 cm, the maximum is 220 cm to the upper window line.
Thus, choosing the shape of the roof, you can calculate the area of \u200b\u200bthe living space equipped in the attic. With a large area it is possible to design additional partitions, which will serve as auxiliary supports for the roof.
You can apply design ideas by dividing the room into zones, use space delimitation techniques that will make the attic space more comfortable for living, modern and cozy.
In contact with
