In any house or country cottage, the comfort and well-being of its inhabitants depends on the correct ventilation performed. It removes extraneous smells of the room, regulates the humidity, temperature and saturation of the air mass with oxygen. In the article, we will look at how to make ventilation in a private house, its varieties and properties.
Algorithm of Action and Design
For high-quality installation of installation work on ventilation, it is necessary:
- calculate the air exchange rooms;
- pick up the transverse dimensions of the air ducts;
- select a suitable type of ventilation;
- determine the location of air ducts and installation of equipment;
- decide on the points of the fence and outflow of air.
In turn, the above events require a professional approach and significant experience in this matter. It will be better if all calculations are trusted to specialists, and directly perform the ventilation device in the house independently in order to save money.
The ventilation project must comply with the construction and architectural, operational, economic and fire-fighting requirements of regulatory documents. Before his transfer to the customer, he is approved in numerous matching organizations.
As a result of the design, you will receive:
- thermal, aerodynamic, air exchange calculations of the premises;
- specification of materials;
- explanatory note with work drawings;
- drawings with general tracing communications;
- ventcamera drawing;
- calculation of ventilation power with equipment selection.
The ventilation project can be ordered in any respected specialized company, for example, in Moskalimat.
The project's ventilation scheme looks like this:
Variations and properties of ventilation
Clean air with comfortable temperature is certainly important for accommodation in the house. But the speed of his movement on all residential and non-residential premises is also important. It is a small amount of it, not more than 1 m3 / hour, creates the optimal for the residents of the comfort.
This property has a natural ventilation system.
When the installation is uncomfortable, you have to resort to the help of another system - mechanical. The fact is that at lower air velocity requires a greater size of the ventilation channel. That is, for skipping the same air, the channel of natural ventilation has a large size than the channel of the mechanical system.
For example, speaking of hood: If 300m3 / h for passing The air is needed by a channel with a diameter of 350mm with natural movement of air, the transverse size of the pipe of the mechanical system will be 2 times less. The ability to place a wide trunk of natural ventilation in the wall is not always available, and it is not aesthetic to take it under the ceiling.
Based on this, at large size buildings, you have to resort to the help of a mechanical ventilation system. Air movement speed in it 4-5m3 / hour.
Moving air in the house
For the unimpeded movement of the flow to the exhaust holes on its paths are installed in the doors Special flowing grilles. They are mandatory for any type of ventilation in a private house. Alternatively, 20mm gap is left between the floor and the bottom of the door throughout its width. If the above items are not, the ventilation is considered non-working. Among other things, open the doors, for example, in the bathroom with an enabled hood will be problematic due to the presence of sparse air.
Ventilation in the house with your own hands is performed correctly if there will be the most "unfavorable" room in its chain. Therefore, the hood is located in the bathroom or kitchen.
Types of inflow of air
Air inflow through the looseness of fences
Natural imputive movement through the looseness of walls, doors and windows is called infiltration.
Wooden windows of the Soviet Pore, who else have them, have a fairly large air permeability. If the house area is small to 150 m2, then the number of air tributaries going through looseness and cracks of these windows is often sufficient. A less significant influx comes in addition to the walls and slots of the doors of the house.
Air inflow by ventilating
In the first case, the process is either through the window of the wooden window, or through the slot in the axle frame of the PVC window. The results of such a ventilation are as follows:
- significant heat loss;
- cooling in the winter block with condensate phenomenon;
- replacing air indoors lasts 30-80min.
Carrying through manifest open windows:
- almost instant for 5-10min air exchange;
- there is no cooling of structures.
And if you open all the windows and the front door to carry out all the windows, we will get:
- as soon as possible for 3-4min air exchange;
- square, harmful to health.
With a complete outer airproof room (for example, an isolated insulation of walls with metal-plastic windows is made) to create a comfortable microclimate, it is necessary to aircase at any particular way. If this seems uncomfortable to you, we read on about the built-in supply valves.
Air flow through the built-in valve infiltration
Natural air flow into the house can be organized through special valves, which are located on the windows of PVC or in the outer walls. The technology of manufacturing windows does not provide looseness, thereby damping the tenants of air flow. Therefore, when purchasing the window, you should select it with the ventilation slit at the top of the box - the supply adjustable window valve.
When late, and the windows are already installed, the infiltration trimming valve is placed in the wall. It looks like a cross-cutting nozzle of a round shape passing through the entire design and closed with lattices with 2 sides. The valve has an internal grill that adjusts its full opening or closing. The installation of such products produce near the windows where they are easy to hide behind the curtain.
Another option is the installation of the valve behind the heating radiator. Such a difood air will be heated.
Infiltration valves are equipped with temperature relays and humidity. To comply with the right direction of air mass from residential rooms to domestic, the valves are installed in the dining room, living room and bedroom, giving up to 100 m3 / h of clean air. Their total quantity depends on the need of inflow and is calculated by a special calculation.
Air flow using fans
If it is necessary for a large air intake, so as not to place valves under each opening, the forced feed system is used. It consists of a ventilation network and appropriate equipment. The network includes air ducts and distributors: diffusers, lattices, etc. The system of the system includes: calorifers and fans, filters and air valves, as well as silencers.
The filter cleans the trim air from dust particles from the street. Calorifers, water or electric, heat it in a cold season. If water canalorifers occur in the system, hydraulic bindings are made, i.e. Additional equipment equipment mixing devices.
Types of air exhaust
When building a house, the project always provides for a device of exhaust channels performed inside the walls of the bathrooms and kitchens. As a rule, they are all located in a masonry or have the kind of outdoor mines.
Natural exhaust system
Such a system is applied if:
- the amount of air for its removal from the premises is small;
- the channel selected by calculation fits in a stone wall or made in the form of a separate mine.
Here the ventilation channel is simply made with a grid from the inside of the room.
Mechanical exhaust system
Reducing the transverse size of the natural traction channel can be achieved by using mechanical exhaust ventilation. Electric fans are installed in the bathrooms.
In the modern market there are a lot of varieties of such products. Popular exhaust with fasteners on the wall and rectilinear entrance to the shaft barrel. Another option is similar products of the hidden type. They are installed in space behind the ceiling and introduced into the channel using an air duct.
When choosing an exhaust fan, the flow rate of air outflows with its pressure loss during air ducts is transported. The supply of losses can calculate the equipment seller knowing the manufacturer and the length of the air ducts of your home.
Hood control is often carried out by a light switch. Channel fans are equipped with time delay relays and humidity sensors. Such extracts are somewhat more expensive.
There are almost silent fans. They are equipped with special ripberometallic robes, quenching vibration and sound operation of the engine.
Recurative ventilation systems
The recuperator is a special ventilation system device designed to save energy to heat or cooling air.
Supply-exhaust recovery systems are now very popular. The reason is simple. In the fall and winter is spent a lot of thermal energy to warm the incoming air from the street. And such a system saves 50% heat to partial heating of the cold fifth with warm air hood. Why partial? For the reason that for heating the incoming cold air mass up to +20 degrees, the temperature of the exhaust air is not enough. In winter frosts, the influx is fitted by the calorifer, which is installed in the recovery.
If there is air conditioners in the house, the air summer inflow is slightly cooled. This reduces the load on the entire air conditioning system. Having passed through the recuperator, covered with air conditioners exhaust stream, cool the warmer air inflow. Such is the scheme of work.
In the recovery ventilation systems, the supply and removal of air mass is forced with the help of embedded fans.
Equipment recovery systems
The air exchange houses of the large area usually exceeds 800m3 / hour. It follows that the size of mechanical installations for ventilation is large enough. Therefore, it is better to identify their location. This technical room can be equipped within the attic or basement. The attic room is pre-insulated, eliminating the harmful effects on ventilation equipment.
Types and properties of air ducts
If the variants of the mechanical forced air exchange house are used, ducts are used for wiring along its premises of exhaust and supply air. They are rectangular, round and flexible.
The smallest resistance to the movement of flow in round tubes with a smooth inner surface.
In the pipes of rectangular cross section it is more.
The greatest air transportation resistance is observed in flexible pipes due to their corrugated structure. They are used in small areas of turns of the ventilation canal or in the hoods of kitchen stoves.
Based on the foregoing, the wiring of the system of the system is made by rigid pipes, and its branches are a corrugated pipe. Starting from the air intake lattice to the ventilation unit, any ducts are isolated by mineral wool to exclude condensate.
Hoods for kitchen
The air, which is removed by the hood located above the kitchen stove, is not included in the calculation of ventilation. This is due to its periodicity of work and direct appointment - the removal of unnecessary smells from the place of their formation.
Summing up, we can say that everything, or almost everything about how to make ventilation in the house, we dismantled higher enough. Health to you and clean air!
