For many years, the owners of private houses arrange additional residential premises under their roofs, thus increasing the useful area of \u200b\u200bits home. The broken roof, the drawing of which we bring in this article, is often erected with your own hands. Although its design is characterized by a slightly greater complexity compared with the standard double roof, make it quite real, since it does not require complex mechanisms, high-class techniques and highly specialized specialists.
In this article we compare the three most common types of roofs. It will be consecrated by the conditions in which they can be used, some features of construction, their advantages and disadvantages.
The roof shape is selected by the architect at home, taking into account its harmonious combination with a common architectural type of construction. Of course, first of all, he takes into account the wishes of the customer who puts forward his wishes and requirements. You can easily decide on the type of future coating, the main thing is to understand the features of this or that type of structures.
This article is devoted to the description of four types of roofs that are most popular among developers. We are talking about the following:
- mansard second floor;
- a full-fledged second floor and an attic roof;
- a full-fledged second floor and a mansard roof;
- combined version.
Starting the design of the house and choosing a roof, it is worthwhile to ask such questions:
- What appointment will be the second floor at home - residential or non-residential? You can use it as a full-fledged floor, and you can take this space under storage of things, as well as tools and equipment. Perhaps you want to use it not immediately after construction, but with time, etc.
- What is the height of the ceiling on the second floor? This value varies, as a rule, ranging from 2.5 meters (as the minimum option) to 3.5 meters (the most practical height).
- What size windows will be on the second floor? They can be full-size or minimal having an area of \u200b\u200b0.7 - 1.5 square meters. meter. Of course, the room should be fully illuminated, so the area of \u200b\u200bwindows is accepted by calculation - 20-25 percent of the floor area. Naturally, the smaller room will have smaller windows.
- Do you have any restrictions on the height of the house under construction? Here you need to consider the advice of the architect and not to create a shadow of the neighbors, reducing the insolation of the building built by a number of buildings. The legislative requirements are also taken into account, in which the attic, unlike the second floor, does not apply to the full floor and may be its official replacement.
Reflecting on these issues will help you to put real tasks before the architect and solve them in the right way by choosing the option of the roof that will be more suitable in your situation.
Mansard Second Floor
Considering projects of houses with a broken roof, now we are talking about this form of modern roofs, which represents the roof serving the walls of the second floor. As can be seen in the diagram, the residential premises in this case is located directly under the roof. Such roofs are often found in rustic and country villages.
With the help of an attic roof house, architectural expressiveness is given. In height, such a roof is 2.5 - 3.5 meters (the distance from the overlap to the skate). When the roof is made of broken, the height of the roof from the roof to the ceiling is 0.7 - 1.0 meters.
- In the corners of the roof, the space is minimized, especially when the roof has a triangular shape. An adult man cannot stand in full growth on the edge of the roof, since its SCOS begins at an altitude of 0.5 - 1.0 meters, ranging from the floor level. You can change the situation by setting the broken roof. In this case, the lower part of the attic has a steep slope, and the upper one is more flat. This room is difficult to equip it so that it is convenient, as well as make the selection and placement of furniture.
- In such a room, there is no possibility to arrange full-fledged window openings. The use of mansard windows costs almost twice as expensive as they should have a stronger frame with hardened and enhanced glass. The window frame of the attic window must meet the special requirements, providing not only the installation of the installation, but also the safety of high-quality thermophysical characteristics. One of the most responsible steps is a waterproofing device and sealing the attic window.
In rooms under the roof, you can arrange auditory windows, which, as seen in the diagrams, require a special design. For this reason, their device and installation are quite complicated. For their device, an additional framework is performed, which comes out of the surface of the main roof (as a result, the addition of endands and skates). All this requires additional labor and consumption of materials, since it is necessary to buy additional elements of the roof and arrange the joints and trimming of roofing materials. In this case, it is not without a drawing of a hearing window, which will have a detailed study of the window in combination with the main roof construction.
Projects of houses with a broken roof provide that when the device such types of roofs have to combine the design, insulation and waterproofing in the roofing cake. If you compare with an attic roof, all this makes the roof mounting more complicated, and the design itself is more expensive. The fastening of the thermal insulating layer is produced to the outer side of the roof. At the same time, it is necessary not to forget about circulation intervals that help moisture formed as a result of steam condensation on the bottom sides of the roof, weathered with the help of movement of air flows.
When a kitchen is placed in the attic or a bathroom, where a large amount of steam is constantly present, then a layer of vaporizolation is paired on the ceiling.
If an error occurs in the process of choosing a roofing "cake", then the roof is possible, entailing the next repair. It will be more difficult to perform it than the attic roof requires.
- In such roofs, it is better not to use a metal finishing coating, because under it in the room will be especially hot. In this case, to ensure comfort, you need to increase the thickness of the roofing pie to 250-300 mm at the expense of the insulation. In another case, it will be necessary to use reflective insulation, which will affect the cost of construction.
- If the owner has a desire to get a full-fledged floor already during their stay in the house, then it will be difficult to make a complete. In this case, it will have to make disassembly of the attic floor and the construction of a full-fledged floor with the roof, which will entail rise in price by 20-40%. Before this, the house will need to be examined, to calculate the bearing capacity of the already existing foundation, exterior walls and overlaps. All this will determine whether it is necessary or not to make the strengthening of structures, and this is a painstaking process and expensive. For example, the foundation enhancement will cost 20-50% of the cost of the new device.
If you live in the house constantly, then without particular need to carry out the device of the attic floor. It is unlikely that it will differ in functionality and convenience. You will most likely achieve only some external attractiveness of the architectural type of your home.
Ceft roof with full second floor
With this option, you will enjoy a full-fledged second floor, which has bearing and self-supporting walls with roof structures based on them. In this case, we are dealing with an uncutable attic, which is usually not heated, and the residential premises of the second floor. The attic takes on the role of an air layer formed between the place of residence of people and the external environment. It should be borne in mind that to move in the attic you need to provide a pass throughout its area with a height of at least 1.4 meters. The residential floor should have a height in the range of 2.5-3.5 meters. The attic room is usually intended for the storage of all economic accessories. The full-featured second floor in this case does not have uncomfortable areas for living.
As can be seen on the diagram of a complete second floor with an attic roof, it includes such structural elements as
- skate bar and rafter legs;
- slopes and racks;
- mauerlat and crate;
- roofing material;
- connecting elements made of metal;
- internal bearing walls.
If the roof is in a malfunction, it can be freely repaired, having access to its structural components and layers of roofing "pie" from an attic room. There is also the possibility of completing one more or more floors. All that is needed for this is to dismantle the existing roof.
Such an option of the roof, thanks to these pluses, is the most common in the modern construction of cottages and other private houses.
By cons of such a roof, the following can be attributed:
- The construction of the external and inner walls of the second floor, as well as the attic overlap, is reflected on the estimated cost of construction and leads to the appreciation compared to the attic roof by 10-20 percent.
- There is a need for a constant ventilation of the attic room. It is necessary for free air circulation so that it is not stored and did not contribute to the formation of rotting on the roofing structure and its "pie". To do this, it is necessary to make gaps and competently place the layers of the roof, carry out the inspection of the attic and the annual purification of cops from the accumulated garbage and dirt. With a roof roof, roofing pie and a residential premises are ventilated separately.
On the presented schemes, it can be seen how air flows under the ventilation of the cold roof coating. They can pass through the space of the attic, through it and with the help of air flow, as well as with a double air flow.
The features of the attic roof refers:
- The need for an additional exit to the attic. This is usually done with the help of a hatch to which the vertical metal staircase is pressed. You can use the finished "mansard" staircase.
- The roof in this case is insulated at the site of the attic overlap, and the waterproofing is made directly on the roof. This approach allows to facilitate the installation of the roof and reduce the cross section of its wooden structures.
The roofs of this species are most common and used even if the cost of construction object is increased. It is worth noting that accommodation under such a roof is considered more reliable and convenient.
Dersighted roof with full second floor
The proposed roof option is a combination of the first and second species. With a full-fledged second floor and an attic roof, located above it, you can reduce the cost of materials and an attic device, because there is no overlap between the attic and residential premises. Due to the high ceiling, such a roof provides a lot of free space.
As can be seen, a broken roof, the drawing of which is presented on the plan, creates the attractiveness of the internal space. Built-in roofs in addition to the main windows, mansard windows make the room amazingly light and sunny. Such volumes can be beat by applying the fantasy and experience of designers. The carrier of the house of the house with such a roof should be tough and stable, since the walls of the floor and the roof together constitute one fairly high design and have a small rigidity.
The minuses of such a roof refers:
- the need to damn and illuminate a large volume;
- the space under the ceiling does not have a functional purpose;
- it is necessary to buy and install mansard windows;
- to give the rigidity of the roof structure, it is necessary to put the roof.
The roof of this species is not a common option and is recommended when it is dictated by the features of the internal design of the premises.
Combined roof
The combination of the roof is the hybrid of all the above-described types of roofs. For example, you can arrange an attic roof over most of the house, and above the bedrooms of children and guests are an attic. At the same time, the house will have a combined roofing "pie", and in the second part, the insulation device, waterproofing and vaporizolation are made separately. Different areas of the roof will have different cross sections of the rafted. In this case, it is not necessary to do without a competently designed roof project, in which the interfaces, plans and cuts of each roof version will be depicted in detail.
As a result, we can say that the attic roof refers to a less comfortable, but inexpensive version. About the attic and combined roof they say that they are the most applicable and justified options. The construction of a full second floor with an attic roof is quite rare, but this option is interesting for its interior.
Weighing the advantages and disadvantages of each type of roof, one can make a choice in harmony with specific circumstances and conditions.
