What does it cost us to build a house: what is better, what material to choose, which house is better and cheaper?

In principle, every material for building a house has its own indisputable advantages and disadvantages... The abundance of choice complicates the question of which house to build for permanent residence. One thing is for sure: for heavy and light materials, the main thing is skillful hands of the developer... An error in calculations will come back to haunt in any case and surface the next day or in 10 years, when it will be very difficult to fix it.

What material to choose, what is the best and cheaper to build a house from? We will conduct a brief overview, as well as materials for their construction.

What are heavy and light materials?

Heavy materials for construction include, as the name implies, stones, various blocks, bricks, slabs... For houses made of heavy materials, an appropriate foundation is also needed. Most often, tape is used, but if the ground is not the best, it can be combined with pile-screw.

When it comes to lightweight materials, it means wood, skeletons... Of course, these are just conventional names for such houses, which does not mean that the house will be really easy in the end. for wooden houses, it is better to choose the best possible. stand for several hundred years and the foundation should not fail.

For frame frames, you can save a little, choosing just the pile option... The "shelf life" of the frame is up to 100 years, therefore, if the soil allows you to save, it is quite possible.

Brick is expensive, but for centuries

As the saying goes, brick can handle everything: hurricanes, frosts, unbearable heat - the natural mood is changeable.

However, this material is able to withstand not so.

According to statistics, the "shelf life" of a brick house reaches 200 years.

Due to the fact that the material has been in use among builders for a very long time, usually there are no problems with hiring craftsmen.

An assortment of types of bricks is also for every taste:

1. Ceramic bricks are made from clay by molding and calcining in special ovens. Possesses high level of strength, refers to environmentally friendly materials for construction. Of course, if it is made with high quality and the production standards are met. It can be solid and hollow (up to 50% of voids inside). For construction, the second subspecies is in priority, since the more voids in the body of the material, the higher its heat-retaining property.
2. Silicate bricks are made from lime and sand. It is white and looks great, especially the one-piece subspecies. Lightweight sand-lime brick - looks very sloppy, but has higher thermal insulation property.
3. Ordinary and frontal subspecies of bricks will also be used in the construction of a capital house. Privates - in the inner masonry, front - will decorate the house from the outside.

Be sure to pay attention to the marking before ordering a batch of material. It is done in order to know whether the masonry from a particular brick will withstand the weight of the structure and natural phenomena. Usually the material is marked with the letter "M" with two or three numbers. The minimum strength per square centimeter is 75, the maximum is 200.

Important: When building a basement, the minimum strength is 150; when building a two-story house, you should purchase lots with strength from M125. The more floors, the heavier the attic, the higher the coefficient should be, respectively, the brick will be heavier, and the cost per cubic meter of material is higher.

For construction in Russia, especially in the provinces, it is very important to take into account the fact that frosts in winter can be serious. The “F” marking is responsible for frost resistance, and the indicator varies from 15 to 100.

For cladding a house in a temperate climate, the F50 marking is used, inside you can make F25 masonry. The higher the marking rate, the more times the brick survive freezing without damaging the structure.

Brief summary and characteristics of the material:

• you will get an expensive house box and foundation;
• very expensive, presentable type of final work;
• phenomenal durability;
• precipitation, temperature drops do not care;
• excellent fire resistance;
• difficult to lay out a box;
• rather "dirty" construction, you need a lot of extra space around.

Conclusion: brick construction is a costly and time-consuming process.

However, all costs, including financial ones, will more than be repaid for the long life of the building. Correctly selected bricks and competent builders extend the life of a house up to 100-200 years without changing the original characteristics.

Concrete blocks

The second most popular material for laying out load-bearing walls, in comparison with brick. Strong material, more profitable financially and much easier to build... In the summer - the house is kept cool, in the winter - warm and cozy, precipitation and other natural phenomena are not terrible quality concrete block.

Advantages of building with concrete blocks:

1. The first thing to note is the fire resistance of the material. Concrete does not burn, therefore, unlike wood construction, the house is safe from external fires and can withstand direct fire for several hours.
2. The material tolerates frost well.
3. For those who value good sound insulation in the house, construction from concrete blocks is suitable. Due to the structure of the concrete itself, there will be no extraneous noise in the house.
4. With proper construction, thermal insulation is quite good. In conjunction with an external, well-built heating circuit, you can achieve good savings on heating the house.
5. It is possible to operate a building from blocks, as well as from bricks, for a long time. On average, without major repairs, the house will delight 80-120 years.
6. Concrete blocks do not rot, mold and mildew.
7. The versatility of the material allows you to build residential buildings, garages, and multi-storey buildings of any type.

The disadvantages include unpresentable appearance of the house without finishing. Therefore, when calculating the budget for construction, the external "marafet" should also be taken into account. In addition, construction should only be done in dry weather and takes a fair amount of time, partly due to variable weather. Due to the high level of groundwater in some parts of the country, waterproofing may be required.

What you need to know about concrete blocks?

Concrete blocks are of several types and differ from each other:

• brand (from 50 to 100) is an indicator of the strength of the product;
• frost resistance - from 15 to 200.

Strength marking must correspond to the total mass of the building. That is, for the basement - the highest value, for a house with 2 floors - approximately M75 (it also depends on the size of the attic). Frost resistance, as already discussed, depends on the location of the future building.

Very important for quality construction explore the soil under the home site... To do this, it is better to play it safe and hire specialists, which will also be very costly. But, if you choose the wrong type of foundation and the building starts to drive, the costs will be even greater. For "troubled" lands, a monolithic type of foundation (if the house is not large), as well as pile and tape, are suitable.

Conclusion: concrete blocks are only slightly inferior to bricks in their qualities.

but the price and ease of construction are more attractive if you choose between these two materials. Additional costs may be required for waterproofing, as well as external insulation and finishing.

Construction from natural stones

People have been using natural stones for a very long time. Many old-timers remember the times when the construction of this material cost a penny, since the stone was not very valuable and was simply mined. Natural stone was especially available in areas close to the place of extraction.

Now the situation has changed radically and construction from sandstone, shell rock, granite, basalt is sometimes more expensive than we would like. More or less good is the case with the construction of natural stone is close to the mountains, that is, next to the mining site.

Advantages using natural stone for building a house:

• for not remote areas, this material will be inexpensive, the farther from the mining sites, the more expensive the high-quality material will cost;
• the material is the most environmentally friendly of all heavy building materials;
• the blocks are quite large, so the construction will not be delayed;
• depending on the deposit, the porosity of the shell rock is different, which means that the thermal conductivity also changes;
• good sound insulation;
• perfectly survives all weather changes, does not rot, does not become covered with bacteria when properly built.

Like any other material, natural stones have their own limitations:

• heavy: you need a good, expensive foundation and additional costs for the construction of the box;
• different shapes of each block create additional difficulties when joining; more cement will be required;
• very serious waterproofing is required: the material absorbs moisture;
• the facade of the shell rock wall is trimmed along a reinforced mesh, otherwise everything will quickly fly around.

Conclusion: minor difficulties associated with the construction are more than pay off, due to the fact that the material is environmentally friendly, the house will stand for a long time.

Having chosen the right stone in terms of density (all natural stones are also marked), it is possible to equip both the basement and the higher floors with it. And the cost per cube will depend on the location of the customer.

Thermal panel construction

Thermal panels or panels from - a relatively new product for construction. If the material for construction is chosen based on savings, in the first place, then you can take a closer look at this option. Frame thermal panels declare themselves as the most heat-saving material. In addition, the construction of a house from new material is quite fast.

The panel consists of clinker tiles and thermal insulation in the form of expanded polystyrene. The main disadvantage of frame thermal panels is that they 100% synthetic material... That is, panels will not be suitable for connoisseurs of environmentally friendly buildings under any pretext. The material does not absorb moisture, is not subject to destruction, it tolerates compression very well, pressure from all sides, does not burn, perfectly withstands any natural changes.

Other dignity panels:

• excellent appearance;
• in tandem with thermal panels outside, heat loss is immediately reduced by 30-35%;
• very tight joining of panels, thanks to their precise cutting.

TO disadvantages have already attributed the fact that they are not environmentally friendly. In addition, this list can be supplemented by the fact that additional panels of corner shapes are needed to decorate the shape of the house. These building materials have passed all known tests and meet modern requirements.

Conclusion: the use of frame thermal panels is an economical option that provides a very solid appearance to the finished building.

The exterior of the house without exterior decoration will be similar to brickwork. The clinker board is bonded with expanded polystyrene with a special high-quality construction adhesive under high pressure, which ensures high strength of the final work.

Which house is better?

Wooden houses

The most environmentally friendly type of building. For a long time, timber has been used for construction. The best trees for building a house are pine, cedar and larch... Conifers are less susceptible to fungal attack and have good weather resistance. Larch material does not rot, does not melt. Natural resin has bactericidal properties.

Since time immemorial, mankind has built its homes from pure, breathing natural material - wood. A huge number of preserved architectural monuments are built of wood. The durability of such buildings is estimated in hundreds of years and is amazing.

Larch wooden houses

No wonder this tree is called "iron", those who dealt with this material know that this wood very dense and heavy... It has an amazing quality for wood - increased fire resistance. Over time, larch becomes only denser, it is the only tree that does not rot at all.

In addition, for people with respiratory problems, doctors strongly recommend visiting the larch forest more often. It turns out that it is three times better for health to live in a house made of this material. Great house for living with family, children.

Cedar houses

One of the most expensive building materials is oak. In terms of density, it is close to larch trees, withstands phenomenal loads. A house built from this material can withstand an earthquake of up to 7 points. Also, cedar has the property of thermal insulation, more than other trees.

Pine timber house

Most popular material in construction, due to the lower cost per cubic meter of material. This material has good thermal insulation, it allows you to build a house in 2-3 floors. A properly assembled house will last for at least 150 years with timely maintenance and replacement of the lower crowns.

Log house

This construction technology has been perfected for centuries and has come down to us in the most refined form. The trunk is cleaned of bark and dries for a long time in natural conditions.

Professional builders know that the material that is dried under a roof or canopy on the street retains its properties much longer than dried in dryers of wood processing enterprises.

Log houses are unique, each house may be completely different from others. A well-built wooden house retains heat perfectly.

In room there will always be a healthy microclimate, clean air... The disadvantages include the cost of construction and its duration.

First, a bar is purchased and dried under the flooring for at least 3-4 months, then the box is assembled. The work of the masters also costs a pretty penny. Then the blockhouse (read :) should stand for a year or two, otherwise it will drive and cracks will go. After shrinkage, you can do the decoration, conduct water, connect to electricity, put up windows and the like. All this takes a lot of money and time.

How chopped houses are made:

1. The largest, most resinous and thickest logs are placed in the first rows - the crown of the log house. Waterproofing must be provided before laying. You can use roofing material, waterproofing, etc.
2. In each subsequent log, a longitudinal notch is made for closer contact between the rows of logs. Thus, all the rows are collected.
3. After the initial shrinkage (about 3 months), the logs are marked, disassembled and assembled again, laying all longitudinal grooves with moss, tow or modern materials.
4. After complete shrinkage (1.5 years), the logs are caulked using insulation. Caulking is carried out only after the roof and windows are ready.
5. Sometimes after 5-7 years, when complete shrinkage occurs, you have to caulk again, as new gaps appear and the heat blows out.

Of course, the above stages are described only in general terms, but this will make it possible to better visualize the stages of building a log house.

Conclusion: building a log house is a way to show your imagination in full. The design of such a house can be absolutely anything. The thickness of the walls, the lower crown make the building not only warm, but also the most durable from all other wooden buildings.

Rounded log construction

Rounded log construction is the use of even logs of the same size and diameter, which industrially manufactured... Of course, you can use your golden hands to prepare the material, but, as practice shows, this is a long and laborious task.

After the purchase, according to the construction plan, the customer receives a ready-made log impregnated with special compounds, which only needs to be assembled into a frame. The larger the house is planned, the larger the diameter of the log should be. Thanks to high-quality processing, the logs fit well together and each crown fits well on the previous one.

The round log construction method is similar to the chopped log method. The advantage of this type of construction can be considered environmental friendliness and excellent appearance, even without external finishing. By the way, it is not at all obligatory for most regions of the country.

Conclusion: ordering and buying a rounded log will cost more than buying untreated timber and peeling the bark, processing and turning the log yourself. But, in any case, houses made of such material look very nice, respectable... The house will be warm, breathable and environmentally friendly.

Frame houses

Another subtype of construction, which is considered very new and tempting for its speed of construction.

A rigid frame is assembled from a bar, the base material is installed between the supporting beams.

Less often, a frame is made of metal beams, they will be discussed below.

1. Frame-panel board. A frame is built from beams, sheathed from the inside and outside with slabs of coarse shavings or others, insulation is laid between the slab material. The main advantage is the speed of construction. Of the shortcomings - the need to use special equipment.
2. SIP panels. These panels consist of insulation (expanded polystyrene), pasted over with OSB plates on both sides. Walls, ceilings, floors are built from this material. These panels are smaller than in the case of a frame-panel house, so a crane is not needed and you can build a building with your own hands... Of all the wireframes, this method is the easiest for novice builders.
3. Frame houses. Compared to the rest, such a building will be the cheapest... The frame is assembled from thick boards, stuffed onto a foundation box. You can use glued laminated timber, and not a board (half-timbered method of frame-frame construction). The finished frame is filled with bricks, stones, double-glazed windows, wood.
4. Metal frame houses. The construction principle is similar to the previous ones, with the exception of the frame material. Metal bases are used, in combination with panels with insulation. Such houses are classified as light, with a service life of about 80 years (according to the warranty from the manufacturers of such frames, which cannot be verified). Despite the thermoprofile used, it will definitely take more money to heat such a house than for a wooden "brother".

Conclusion: frame construction is clean, inexpensive.

In addition, little space is needed, construction can be carried out "from the body" without unloading panels and material, if the space on the site does not allow or is occupied by plantings. To increase the lifespan of a frame house, it is important to correctly calculate and design the frame itself, take the foundation seriously.

What is the cheapest way to build a capital house?

As already noted, a house that will stand for centuries is a priori costly to its owner at the time of construction. However, for budget buildings there is an innovation of the last decades - wireframes.

The lighter the walls, the cheaper it will cost. If you use inexpensive SIP panels, the price will be even lower. However, many people are suspicious of the walls of the house, which can be pierced with a large knife with great effort.

Of heavy materials, construction is the cheapest made of aerated concrete or thermal panels... Construction will be expensive from bricks and ceramic blocks... For these buildings, the cost of work will be higher, since the blocks themselves are not easy to climb.

The same conditions will apply to the foundation: the more durable, stronger, the more expensive it will cost both in terms of materials and labor costs. Optimal for a small house to set pile foundation, if there is an idea to build on the 2nd floor or a good attic, it is better to play it safe.

What to build a house from on a small plot?

To organize construction from heavy materials, you need a scope for the area. The site will need to be divided into zones for the foundation, for placing a warehouse with material (at least - a canopy), for mixing concrete. It is also worth thinking about the heap of garbage that will certainly collect.

Debris, packaging, empty boxes, material waste and similar work moments. Workers need a place to at least dine or have a smoke break.

Pay attention to construction from frame thermal panels... Despite the fact that this material is more of a heavy one, you can build from it directly from the car. In terms of terms, finances and costs on the ground, this is a profitable material.

As for lightweight materials, you will need a much smaller area for work. Most of all - for working with timber, log, the least it takes frame, especially made of SIP panels... If the site is extremely small, there are already plantings or there is only place for a house, it is better to give preference to a tree, frame frames.

What is the final cost of construction made up of?

Evaluating and comparing materials, the question involuntarily arises: what, besides the main raw materials, will the money still go to?

Not every site owner can immediately lay out on the table in front of the builders the amount that will be required for turnkey development.

Usually, especially for young families, it is customary to divide the work into parts and build in stages.

So, the total amount will be the sum of:

• the complexity of the shape of the house, its number of storeys (complicating the work of the brigade);
• internal planning;
• insulation;
• exterior decoration;
• roofing costs;
• building materials;
• foundation - almost 40% of all costs;
• interior decoration;
• the severity of the underlying material;
• additional fittings;
• conducting communications;
• waterproofing;
• installation of a heating system;
• other minor costs.

The list is pretty impressive. Depending on the choice of material, it can either grow or shrink. However, building your own home is real a way to create a truly cozy dream home that everyone fantasized about in one way or another.

The abundance of building materials in our time is growing every year. The search for the ideal material will probably last for more than one hundred years. However, in order to build a good-quality house in which it will not be cold, scary or expensive to live, it is worth turning to materials tested over the centuries.

Out of competition there will always be brick and wood... These are the safest, longest living houses that are inexpensive to maintain and are good in terms of environmental friendliness. If the question is financially, it is better to choose modern methods: frame houses, thermal panels.

Average houses in terms of cash investment - from sand blocks, sand-cement blocks, concrete blocks etc. Block buildings retain heat well in winter, as they cool down for quite a long time, and in summer the room remains pleasantly cool.