Narcissus flower: what it looks like, characteristics and description. Narcissus: planting and care, varieties, cultivation Height of daffodils

Narcissus, or Narcissus, belongs to the genus of monocotyledonous plants and is a member of the amaryllis family. Features are the presence of bulbs and ribbon-like leaves of various widths. The flowers are located at the top of the leafless stems, which are covered with a filmy wrap.

Features of daffodils

Flowers can be single or be arranged in several pieces at once. The perianth has a petal-like shape and looks like a tubular funnel, which passes into a straightened limb. It consists of six identical parts. The appearance of the flower is a solid or lobed bell, which has six stamens and a trihedral lower ovary.

The presence of a strong, intoxicatingly sweet smell made it possible in ancient times to use narcissus oil in perfumery. Narcissus is very common in Europe. It is especially grown in Mediterranean countries. There are varieties and species that grow in Asia, Japan and China.

• Trumpet
• Small-cupped
• Triandrus
• Jonquilla and Apodanthus
• Poeticus
• Split-corona: Collar
• Miscellaneous
• Large-cupped
• Double
• Cyclamineus
• Tazetta
• Bulbocodium
• Split-corona: Papillon
• Species

Photo gallery

Daffodil varieties

In nature, there are about 60 types of these flowers. In addition, a huge number of different varieties and hybrids of this magnificent flower have been bred. Narcissus breeding has been replenished with 35 thousand new varieties.

The following types of daffodils are most popular and in demand among flower growers:

• Tubular, or trumpet. Differs in the presence of large, single flowers that have a bell-shaped crown with a very long tube. The color range is represented by white, yellow, less often two-tone flowers.
• Large-cupped, or large-cupped... The special sizes of a single flower and bracts are characteristic. The short crown occupies a third of the perianth. The color scheme is very diverse.
• Small-cupped, or small-cupped. This group of daffodils closely resembles natural and wild varieties. They differ in rather small sizes of flowers. Most often they can be seen in wildlife photos.
• Terry, or double. This group of daffodils contains several subgroups at once. They come with additional perianth lobes; with a terry tube or crown; with a double perianth; have several flowers on one peduncle. Photo of terry daffodils most often decorates calendars.
• Triandrus, or Triandrus. This species belongs to the multi-flowered daffodils, in the breeding of which the three-stalked daffodil was involved. The color range is white or yellow.
• Cyclameniform, or Cyclamineus. Differs in the presence of characteristic drooping, single flowers, which, with their length, have a narrow tube and bent perianth lobes.
• Jonquilla, or Jonquilla. The low stems are equipped with a significant number of small, strong-smelling flowers. A very decorative type of daffodil.
• Multi-flowered, or Bunch-flowered. The name of this type of daffodil speaks for itself. A peduncle can have more than eight flowers. Photos of such daffodils can often be found in magazines.

Interesting combinations of daffodils with other plants

Daffodils are flowers that look great in combination with other plants. An interesting and bright floral ensemble allows you to get a combination of daffodils and tulips. Suitable neighbors for daffodils, with which you can decorate a modern flower garden, are hyacinths, crocuses, etc.

Daffodil planting rules

Daffodils are perennial flowers. They are distinguished by their shade tolerance, but at the same time they are a light-loving plant. Daffodils are unpretentious, planting does not take much time and effort. These hardy flowers prefer normal garden soil and moderate moisture. The best planting sites are loamy soils with medium shade. A month before planting, fertilizer should be applied to the soil, as well as sand and peat.

Landing takes place at the end of September. This period allows the bulbs to take root even before frost. You can grow daffodils in a pot. Healthy daffodil bulbs should be treated with a disinfectant solution. The pot is filled with a light and nutritious potting mix. The optimum temperature for growth is 20 ° C.

Transplanting to these flowers is not required for several years. It is recommended to grow them in one place for no longer than six seasons.

Daffodil care

Daffodils and their planting require careful attention. Basic care and feeding must be done three times per season. The first feeding is carried out immediately after germination. The second is during the budding period, and the third corresponds to the flowering stage. Daffodils do not need additional fertilizing after flowering. You can find out about by reading an article posted in one of our previous publications.

For bouquets, flowers should not be cut, but broken. This method is less traumatic for a flowering plant.

For reproduction and wintering, only healthy and high-quality planting material should be left. Daffodil bulbs should be firm and large. The cover scales should be a healthy white or yellowish color. Flaky scales can be a sign of various fungal diseases.

The flowering period of daffodils is relatively long and extends to April-June. In northern regions with severe winters, daffodils need to be sheltered just before the onset of persistent frosts.

Diseases and pests

Like other plants and flowers, daffodils are susceptible to various diseases, and also often become an object for feeding some pests.

• Fusarium okusporum f. narcissi causes the severe disease of fusarium in daffodils;
• Sclerotinia narcissicola attacks daffodils with sclerocial rot.

Daffodils are susceptible to viral diseases and attack by the following pests:

• root, bulbous and stem nematodes;
• daffodil and bulb flies;
• thrips.

Daffodils varieties (video)

Reviews and comments

Marina 04/14/2016

Recently I bought several daffodil bulbs already with sprouts, but without roots (although I found the rudiments of roots in one). I want to plant for distillation. I plan to do this: hold it for 30 minutes in potassium permanganate, then soak it in the root for several hours and plant it in a pot. And what to do with them next? What is the best way to root? Put in the refrigerator in the fruit compartment or put on the windowsill, and after rooting in the refrigerator? I don't know if they were kept in the cold before, but I want to try, suddenly something will work out. Do daffodils, like tulips, need a period in the cold to lay their buds?

Valeria 04/17/2016

For a long time, my love with daffodils was not mutual, and only last year for the first time they pleased me with their flowering. Moreover, the old ones, who have been living on the site for more than 6 years and the newly purchased ones, also bloomed. After that I bought more daffodils. And now I'm looking forward to it. This year, the flower stalks even released 2 varieties, which I bought 4 years ago and it seemed that they completely died, but last year the leaves were released, and this year the flower stalks.

Elena 17.04.2016

I prefer to plant daffodils in the spring, because you can immediately see where which bulbs are growing and where to dig them up. Otherwise, then some of the bulbs will be lost and remain in the ground and some of the varieties will get confused with each other. The main thing is to carefully dig it with a pitchfork (grab it deeper so that the roots are less damaged), it is advisable to do this not on a hot sunny day (so that the roots do not dry out) and plant it as soon as possible after digging.

Inna 05/19/2016

A little advice to lovers of these beautiful flowers, Daffodils can be planted both in an open, sunny place, and among trees, shrubs, which do not give a thick shade in spring. In an open place, they bloom earlier and more amicably, but in a slightly shaded place, the flowering is longer, the peduncles are longer, the color remains longer, does not fade.

Milena 05/19/2016

I have been planting my daffodils since early August, although the recommended planting time is the second half of August and early September (this is for purchased bulbs). If you are growing your own daffodils, dig up the bulbs first, separate the babies and immediately plant them again.

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Family: amaryllidaceae (Amaryllidáceae).

Homeland

In nature, the daffodil grows mostly in southern Europe, the Mediterranean and Asia. The genus has about 60 species.

Form: perennial bulbous plant.

Description

Narcissus is a perennial bulbous plant. Daffodil leaves are radical, linear, green. Narcissus flowers are large, single on peduncles or clustered in clusters, with a strong aroma, somewhat drooping, simple or double. The daffodil's crown (or crown) is formed by outgrowths of the perianth lobes; it can be tubular, bell-shaped or cup-shaped, of various lengths, and, as a rule, differs in color from the perianth lobes. Plants bloom in May-June. The fruit of a daffodil is a fleshy capsule. Plant seeds are numerous, rounded or angular. Bulbs of daffodils are bulbous, ovoid or round, with two renewal buds at different stages of development.

Daffodil assoan , or daffodil (N. assoanus). Low-growing species up to 10-15 cm tall with very narrow, rigid, linear-filamentous leaves. The flowers of the Assoan daffodil are very small, bright yellow, fragrant, usually solitary. Plant bulbs are small, oval.

Narcissus narrow-leaved (N. angustifolius). Plant up to 30 cm tall with long bluish leaves. Narcissus narrow-leaved flowers are white, cream or yellowish, slightly wavy, orange- or red-bordered along the edge. Plant bulbs are oblong-ovate.

Daffodil asturian , or daffodil small (N. asturiensis or minimus). A low-growing species up to 10 cm high with leaves and yellow flowers directed in different directions. Small bulbs of Asturian Narcissus easily form babies, and the plants grow rapidly.

Daffodil cyclamen (N. cyclamineus). The plant is 15 to 25 cm tall with narrow-linear, keeled leaves. Flowers of cyclamen narcissus drooping, bright yellow.

Daffodil yellow , or Jonquilla's daffodil (N. jonquilla). Plants up to 20-30 cm tall with semi-cylindrical, curved leaves. Flowers of yellow daffodil are small, white in the center and yellow at the edges, collected in umbellate inflorescences of 2-6 pieces.

Narcissus poetic , or daffodil white, or daffodil (N. poeticus). Plants up to 20-30 cm tall with flat, narrow, bluish leaves. White narcissus flowers are solitary, drooping, snow-white.

Narcissus false (N. pseudonarcissus). Plant up to 20-25 cm tall with flat, straight, linear leaves. The flowers of the false narcissus are single, light yellow with a long, tube-shaped, bright yellow crown.

Bouquet daffodil , or polyanthus (N. tazetta). Heat-loving plant from 30 to 50 cm tall with flat bluish leaves. The flowers of the bouquet narcissus are yellowish-white, with a goblet, bright yellow crown, collected in umbellate inflorescences of 3-15 pieces.

Narcissus three-stalked (N. triandrus). Plants 15 to 25 cm tall with drooping flowers.

Narcissus hybrid (N. x hybridus). This group includes all kinds of varieties obtained by crossing various types of daffodils and their varieties. All varieties are divided into several categories.

Growing conditions

Daffodils - flowers that prefer lighted places, can grow in some shade, but they develop better and bloom in sunny areas. All types of daffodils grow on any garden, but always good and fertile soils, plants prefer substrates. In general, the daffodil is a flower that quickly adapts to various conditions. In one place, daffodils grow for three to five years.

Application

Narcissus is one of the most popular flowers in gardening summer cottages. Plants are planted in different, in groups, in mono flowers. Daffodils are also possible. Narcissus is also a suitable plant for cutting.

Care

Daffodils are quite moisture-loving, therefore, during flowering and for four to five weeks after it, the plants need to be watered. For good growth, daffodil flowers need to be fed. At the beginning of development, plants need nitrogen, and during peduncle formation, potassium. Fertilizers are applied in spring along the seedlings, during the appearance of peduncles, during the period of bud formation and during flowering. Also, caring for daffodils consists in weeding and timely removal of diseased plants and withering flowers. As a rule, daffodils are winter-hardy, but in snowless, harsh winters, plants can freeze out, so in late autumn the flowers are covered with peat and a leaf.

When growing large-flowered daffodils, you can face the following problem: flowers that are too large break the stems. In this case, almost invisible thin arcs made of dark green wire or planting daffodils in clumps of plants 15-20 cm high will help, on which the heads will rely in case of rain or strong wind.

You can learn how to grow daffodils from the corresponding.

Reproduction

Reproduction of daffodils is possible by seeds and vegetatively (bulbs and children). Narcissus seeds quickly lose their germination. Daffodils are planted in July or before winter. Cultivars are propagated by bulbs and babies.

You can buy daffodils at the garden center or order them online.

Diseases and pests

Possible diseases of narcissists are fusarium, sclerotinosis and mosaic disease. Among pests, nematodes, ticks and onion flies are dangerous.

Popular varieties

The daffodil classification was developed in 1950 by the English Royal Horticultural Society. Later, changes were made to it. Narcissists are divided into several groups.

Tubular daffodils

Distinctive features of this group of daffodils are: one flower on the stem, the length of the tube or crown is the same as that of the perianth segments. The group of tubular daffodils includes varieties:

‘Golden Harvest’- early flowering variety up to 40-50 cm tall with golden yellow flowers;

‘Queen of Bicolor’- early flowering variety up to 40 cm tall with white flowers and bright, lemon-yellow tubes; with a weak aroma; the edges of the flowers are slightly wavy, bent;

'Beersheba'- variety up to 40 cm high; flowers at the beginning of flowering ivory, later snow-white, tubes with a cream shade, slightly corrugated along the edge;

‘Irish Luck’- profusely flowering variety up to 30 cm in height; flowers and tubes are bright yellow, with a wavy edge;

'Spellbinder'- variety up to 40 cm high; flowers are lemon yellow, the tubes are lemon yellow when blooming, later white;

‘Empress of Ireland’- variety up to 40 cm high; the tubes of flowers when blooming are creamy, later snow-white;

‘Gold Medal’- variety up to 30 cm tall with bright, golden yellow flowers.

Large-crowned daffodils

Distinctive features of large-crowned daffodils are: one flower per stem, calyx or crown longer than one-third, but shorter than the length of the perianth segments. This group includes varieties:

Small-crowned daffodils

Distinctive features of the group: one flower per stem, calyx or crown no more than one third of the length of the perianth segments. Varieties of small-crowned daffodils:

‘Amor’- flowers with a snow-white perianth and bright yellow crowns with a wavy edge;

'Coloratura'- flowers with a white perianth and white crowns with a pale yellow border;

'Audubon'- flowers with a greenish-white perianth and a very showy tricolor crown;

‘Rockall’- flowers with a greenish-white perianth and bright, orange-red crowns;

‘Birma’- flowers with a yellow perianth and yellow, with a wide orange border and jagged edges of the crown;

‘Edward Buxton’- flowers with a light, greenish-yellow perianth and lemon-yellow, wavy crown at the edges;

‘Apricot Distinction’- flowers with a light apricot, creamy perianth along the edges and bright orange, corrugated crowns.

Terry daffodils

Daffodils of this group are distinguished by double flowers.

'Replete'- flowers with a diameter of 10 cm, the lobes of the double perianth are rounded, creamy white, in the center are interspersed with the lobes of the double perianth, dark pink;

‘Irene Copeland’- white daffodil with yellow fragments, multi-layered, densely double;

'Acropolis'- densely doubled variety, snow-white with bright orange outgrowths;

‘Apotheose’- yellow terry daffodil with an orange terry crown, flower diameter 8-9 cm, plant height 28-30 cm;

‘Tahiti’- Densely double daffodil, bright golden color with red outgrowths, crown diameter 5 cm, plant height up to 35 cm;

‘Mary Copeland’- a cultivar with a double spherical spherical flower, the perianth segments are oval, white, with a light yellow base. The crown is very short, orange, interspersed with perianth lobes, plant height up to 40 cm;

‘White lion’- double, flower diameter 10-11 cm. Perianth segments are white, in the center of the flower are interspersed with crown segments. Crown from light yellow to bright yellow with a creamy base and wavy edge. Plant height 35 - 40 cm.

Triandrus daffodils

The main distinguishing feature of triandrus daffodils is 2-4 drooping flowers on the stem, the perianths are slightly bent back.

‘Hawera’- a variety with graceful miniature flowers, 4 on one peduncle. The color of the perianth and crown is light lemon. Perianth segments are oval, cup-shaped crown. The height of the peduncles in the ground is 15-17 cm;

‘Liberty Bells’- on a peduncle, two flowers with a diameter of about 9 cm; the perianth is bright yellow-greenish, the crown is slightly darker; plant height up to 30 cm;

'Tresamble'- a daffodil with three flowers on a stem, flower diameter 7.5 - 8 cm; the upper flowers are horizontal, the lower ones are drooping. Perianth segments are greenish-white, narrowly elliptic.

Cyclamen daffodils

Distinctive features of this group: drooping flowers with strongly bent back segments of the perianth and a long cylindrical crown.

‘Jetfire’- a variety with rounded, bright yellow, narrow elliptical, bent back segments of the perianth; flowers with a diameter of 7.5 cm, the arrangement of the flower is horizontal. The crown is cylindrical, elongated, bright orange with a darker corrugated edge; peduncle height 30 cm;

‘Baby Dole’- The perianth is bright yellow, up to 7.5 cm in diameter. The crown is cylindrical, slightly ribbed at the base, orange-yellow with a corrugated edge.

Jonquillia daffodils:

Daffodils of this group are distinguished by elongated perianth lobes, in the inflorescence of 2-6 flowers. The most popular varieties of Jonquillia daffodils are:

‘Cherie’- a variety with a white spikelet and a pale creamy pink crown with a diameter of 1.3 cm; on the peduncle, 2-3 flowers with a diameter of 3.5 cm; flowers are graceful, fragile, very delicate; blooms late;

‘Step Forward’- flowers up to 7 cm in diameter; two or three flowers on one peduncle; perianth segments yellow; the crown is yellow at first, then turns greenish-white;

‘Hillstar’- daffodil with oval-pointed segments of the perianth: two-thirds bright yellow, at the base - light yellow; the crown is light yellow or creamy yellow; three flowers on one peduncle; flowering later;

‘Suzy’- variety with horizontally arranged flowers, perianth lobes are bright yellow, broadly elliptical; the crown is cup-shaped inside orange, closer to the edge, first orange-red, then orange; peduncles up to 30 cm, with 2-3 flowers; blooms late.

Tacetta daffodils

Distinctive features: on one peduncle, 2-3 large flowers with rounded perianth lobes, the length of the crown is less than one third of the perianth segments. Popular varieties of tacetta daffodils:

‘Geranium’- the perianth is white with smooth segments, the cup-shaped crown is bright orange; on the peduncle there are 2-4 flowers: the diameter of the first is up to 5-5.5 cm, the second and subsequent are smaller; the variety is used primarily for forcing.

‘Kenery Berd’- the perianth is light yellow, the crown is orange; 3-5 flowers on one peduncle; flowers up to 4.5 cm in diameter, have a strong aroma; plant height up to 33 cm.

Poetic daffodils

Daffodils of this group have one flower on a peduncle and a very small eye-shaped crown with a bright orange or red edge.

'Actaea'- segments of the perianth are snow-white, the crown at the base is greenish-yellow, the rest of it is bright yellow and bright orange along the edge; peduncle height up to 40 cm;

‘Horace’- daffodil with a peduncle height up to 50 cm, flowers up to 8 cm in diameter; the perianth is snow-white, the crown is dark yellow with a dark red border.

Split-crowned daffodils

Daffodils of this group are distinguished by a torn crown by at least one third of its length, which creates the appearance of a second row of petals. The most popular varieties:

‘Roussillon’- the perianth is greenish-creamy white, each segment of the crown is located above the corresponding lobe of the perianth; the crown is soft cream with a pink-cream edge; flower diameter up to 10 cm.

‘Travertine’- the perianth is creamy white with rounded lobes; the crown is greenish-white, cut in half;

‘Amboise’- flowers up to 9 cm in diameter, canary yellow perianth; corrugated crown in bright apricot color.

It is impossible to imagine a spring garden without flowering delicate daffodils. The bloom of these sunny, bright yellow and dazzling white flowers heralds the arrival of spring. Their grace and delicate enchanting aroma have long won the hearts of connoisseurs and lovers of natural beauty. After all, it was not for nothing that even in ancient times people sang this fragile beautiful flower, considering it a love talisman. Different peoples of the world have many rituals, holidays and ceremonies associated with the narcissus.

There are many varieties of daffodils - more than thirty thousand.

What kind of flower is this - daffodil?

Narcissus is a popular perennial bulbous plant in the amaryllis family.

These flowers prefer sunny and fairly open places, but they successfully withstand partial shade, with good water and air permeability of the soil.

They bloom in April-May. The daffodil flower consists of 6 simple perianth leaves. Each of them gives rise to an outgrowth that forms a crown, inside which there are 6 stamens and a column. There are varieties with one-color and two-color, simple and double flowers, with different crown shapes, smooth or corrugated edges of the petals.

Daffodils are hardy and are especially appreciated for this.

Daffodil varieties. Classification

All decorative varieties of daffodils, of which there are currently more than 12 thousand, are divided into the following groups.

1. Tubular (Trumpet). They have one flower per peduncle, the crown is tubular, its length is approximately equal to the length of the petals. The flowers are white or yellow, one-color or two-color.
2. Large cupped. Flowers are single, one-color or two-color (white or yellow). The crown is cupped, its length is from a third of the length of the petal, to equal to it.
3. Small-cap. Flowers are single, white and yellow, one-color or two-color. The crown has a cupped shape, the length of the crown is less than a third of the length of the petal.
4. Terry (Double). A late variety with more than six perianth segments. The flowers are yellow, white and bicolor.
5. Triandrus, Triandrus (Triandrus). Flowers drooping, single or collected in umbellate inflorescences of 2-5 pieces. The petals are bent. The crown is cupped, about half the length of the petals.
6. Cyclamenous (Cyclamrneus). The flowers are drooping, solitary, the petals are strongly curved back. The crown is from a third of the length of the petal to equal to it.
7. Jonquilla, Jonquilla: flowers have a pleasant aroma, their number in the inflorescence can be from 2 to 6, the petals are elongated, the crown is cup-shaped. The length of the crown is from two-thirds of the length of the petal and more.
8. Tacetny or multi-flowered - the earliest variety, a whole bunch of flowers (up to 20) grow on one peduncle, which have a very rich aroma. Beautiful flowers of medium size are located on a high peduncle (about 45 cm), the color is yellow and white, the crown is orange or white.

   This variety is not very hardy and resistant to weather changes, therefore it prefers a mild climate.

9. Poetic (Poeticus) - are distinguished by rather large single flowers that have a sharp, but rather pleasant aroma. The petals are white, and the flat small crowns are orange, yellow-orange and red, their length is much shorter than the length of the petals. The latest grade.

How to grow daffodils, how to care for them? When to plant daffodils?

Planting and caring for daffodils

Boarding time

The best planting time in the middle lane is the end of August and the first decade of September.

Pick-up location

For planting daffodils, it is preferable to choose a sunny or slightly shaded place, sheltered from drafts. Daffodils must be planted in a sunny place, otherwise their flowering will not be plentiful. Hybrid varieties with red, pink and orange crowns, on the contrary, are best planted in partial shade to protect against burnout.

Daffodils can be planted in rows or in groups on an alpine slide, lawn, flower beds, between trees and shrubs, or along paths.

Priming

In general, daffodils are undemanding to soil. However, it is desirable that the soil in the garden or flowerbed should be fertile and light enough. Sand is added to clay soils when planting daffodils, and humus is added to poor soils. Also, when planting, mineral fertilizers are introduced into the soil: superphosphate and potassium salt.

How to plant daffodils

On heavy soils, the bulbs are buried 5-7 cm when planting; shelter is needed for the winter. On light soils, the planting depth is no more than 15 cm, otherwise the daffodils do not bloom, the buds are formed, but wither without blooming.

The spacing in the row spacing should be 20-30 cm, and in the row between the bulbs - 15-25 cm. Bulbs are chosen not too small - from 1 cm in diameter. It has been noticed that the bulbs with a dense planting turn out to be larger, and when they are rare, they form more children.

After 10-14 days, the top layer of earth is leveled over the planting and sprinkled with leaf humus or peat with a layer of 3-5 cm.

Watering

Daffodils need adequate moisture overdrying can cause poor flowering. The soil in the garden should be loosened regularly to reduce moisture evaporation, and also weeded in time.

Top dressing

For good growth during the summer, daffodils need to be fertilized. For this, it is convenient to use liquid mineral fertilizers. The first top dressing is applied after the appearance of the entrances, the second - when the peduncles appear and the buds form. When choosing a fertilizer, it should be borne in mind that with an excess of nitrogen in the soil, the flowering of daffodils worsens: buds are formed, but do not bloom. In such cases, phosphorus mineral fertilizers or ash are applied to the soil. Ash is brought in at the rate of 100 g per 1 sq. m.

Digging and transplanting

Daffodils can grow in one place from 3 to 10 years. When the planted bulb has overgrown with children and turned into a large bush, and the bloom has become poor or has stopped blooming altogether, a transplant is performed.

It is recommended to dig up and replant the bulbs of daffodils annually if the site is located on peat soils. in such conditions, by the spring of the second year, the bulbs may be so deep that they will not give flowers.

Also, annually, some growers transplant double and tubular varieties of daffodils, so they better retain varietal characteristics.

They start digging up the bulbs as soon as the leaves of the daffodils dry up (this usually happens in July). Then they are dried for three weeks, thoroughly cleaned of soil and old roots and placed in storage until planting. Store the bulbs indoors, dry, well-ventilated and not too hot.

If you have already prepared a place for daffodils, they can be planted immediately after digging up, without drying and removing the roots. They will perfectly tolerate such a transplant even during flowering.

Daffodils after flowering

After the end of flowering, the leaves of faded daffodils are not cut off, but wait for them to dry out. During this period, nutrients are stored in the bulbs. What to do with the plants further depends on whether you are going to plant them or leave them in the old place for next year.

In the first case, they are dug up and prepared for transplantation, as described above. If the bulbs are left in their old place, then after flowering, you need to add top dressing with a high content of potassium and phosphorus.

Do I need to cover daffodils for the winter?

Daffodils are considered fairly unpretentious plants that do not need shelter for the winter. but sometimes it is advisable to take care of the shelter... Firstly, if the planting of daffodils was made after September 15 (with late planting, the plant does not have time to root properly and dies in the event of a cold and little snowy winter. For shelter, a layer of dry leaves with a thickness of about 15 cm is used.

A little about terry varieties

Terry varieties of daffodils are less resistant to frost. When planting in autumn, the planting time must be calculated in such a way that before the onset of cold weather the plants have time to take root well. For the winter, it is advisable to cover such daffodils with a layer of fallen leaves. Another feature of terry daffodils is their great soil requirements. They grow better and bloom more luxuriantly on light sandy soils than on heavy ones.

Reproduction of daffodils

The easiest way is to propagate daffodils by children after digging. Hybrid varieties can only be propagated in this way. Wild daffodils can also be obtained from seeds. After flowering, if the flower is not removed, a fruit is formed, which gives seeds after ripening.

Daffodils in a bouquet

Decorative daffodils look great when cut. To keep the flowers fresh longer, you need to cut them in the morning in a state of bursting buds. Their peduncles should be broken off at the surface of the soil, and not cut off. It is necessary to immediately put them in water, and if this is not possible, then temporarily wrap them in damp paper. It is important that juice does not flow out of the slices, therefore, before placing them in the water, they must be kept with the cut up.

Types of daffodils in nature

Narcissus jonquilla L.

Widespread, very decorative type. The height of the thin cylindrical peduncle is 20-30, sometimes up to 40 cm. The leaves are green, in the amount of 2-4 pieces.

Flowers have a pleasant citrus aroma, usually collected in umbrellas of 2-6 pieces, but they can be single. Each flower is about 3 cm in size. The petals are bright or pale yellow. The crown is cupped, bright yellow.

It is a winter-hardy species that can withstand temperatures of about -30 degrees.

Jonquilla's narcissus is often used for distillation.

Narcissus tazetta, bouquet (Narcissus tazetta L.)

Another highly decorative look. Peduncle height 25-45 cm, flattened shape. The flowers are 3-5 cm in diameter, the number in the inflorescence is 4-8 pieces. The petals are white, with curved edges. Crown color from bright yellow to yellow-orange.

This species requires growing in open, well-lit areas. It belongs to the heat-loving and drought-resistant, and does not differ in high frost resistance, hibernates at temperatures not lower than -12 degrees. Therefore, in areas with more severe winters, requires shelter or digging and storing the bulbs indoors.

Narcissus tacett is one of the main species used for breeding new varieties of daffodils.

Narcissus poetic, white (Narcissus poeticus L.)

Quite tall, 35-50 cm high. The peduncle has a two-sided shape. The number of leaves is 2-4 pieces. The flowers are large, 4.5-7 cm in diameter, with a pleasant smell, located singly. Petals are white, yellow at the base. The crown is flat, wide, yellow in color, with a red or orange corrugated border at the edges.

It is frost-resistant, winters at a temperature of about -30 degrees.

Serves as the basis for the selection of new varieties.

• Narcissus incomparable, incomparable (Narcissus x incomparabilis Mill.)

  It is a natural hybrid of the poetic narcissist and the false narcissist.

  Plant height 30-45 cm. Leaves are gray-green, 3-4 pieces. The peduncle is two-sided, on it there are single flowers, the size of the flowers is 5-8 cm in diameter. The petals are light yellow. The crown is orange-yellow, cupped, with wavy edges.

  Resistant to frost down to -30 degrees.

The species described above are most widespread in culture, besides them, the following are known:

• Narcissus minimal (Narcissus asturiensis (Jordan) Pugsley.)
• Narcissus bicolor (Narcissus bicolor L.)
• Bulbous daffodil (Narcissus bulbocodium L.)
• Cyclamen narcissus (Narcissus cyclamineus D.C.)
• Small daffodil (Narcissus minor L.)
• False narcissus (Narcissus pseudonarcissus L.)
• Three-stalked narcissus, angel's tears (Narcissus triandrus L.)

Useful properties of daffodils

The flowers of daffodils contain essential oils, and the bulbs contain alkaloids, which is why they have been used in medicine and perfumery since ancient times. For example, oriental healers cured mastitis with bulbs, and eye diseases with a medicine obtained from false narcissus. However, you should not try to use daffodils for medicinal and cosmetic purposes on your own, because these plants contain toxic substances in their composition.

The genus has about 60 species native to southern Europe, Asia and the Mediterranean. Garden daffodils, combined under a common name, are the result of hybridization of different species. Horticultural crops also cultivate wild species and their hybrids.

Narcissus is a bulbous plant. The leaves of the daffodil are linear, basal, in the amount of 2-4. And the peduncle is round or flattened, leafless, 50 cm in length, at its top there is a node with an outgoing pedicel. The flowers are fragrant, single or in clusters, large, slightly drooping, double or simple, 3-6 cm in diameter. Daffodil blooms in May.

The daffodil bulb is bulbous, perennial, round or ovoid, which consists of the bases of assimilating leaves and lower scales.

A distinctive feature of the structure of the bulb of this culture is the presence of two buds of renewal, which are at different stages of development.

Scales are scarious, brown. Annual roots, string-like, unbranched.

There are not so many plants in the world that, like the daffodil, would attract the great attention of a huge number of breeders. Today, approximately 30,000 varieties are known and new ones are added every year.

The result of the most persistent work was the production of varieties with large perianths, tubes of an unusual shape, strong peduncles, erect leaves and different colors of flowers.

At first, the coloring of the daffodil was dominated by yellow and white. But, in both cases, there were many shades and half-tones: from white to white-cream, from green-white and lemon-yellow to yellow and orange.

Little by little, the color gamut increased, breeders tried to get rare colors that would be in harmony with the dominant ones - yellow and white. Pink turned out to be such a beautiful color. Daffodils are easy to grow.

Classification of daffodils

In the garden classification, daffodils are classified into 13 groups. Their main difference is the structure of the flower.

1. Tubular (Trumpet)- the pedicle forms a tube, it is equal in length to the shares of the perianth. In the group, there are varieties with white as well as yellow flowers, and two-color.

2. Large-cupped- a tube-shaped pedicle, its height exceeds 1/3 of the perianth length. In addition to the banal white and yellow colors, there are varieties of daffodils with an orange crown.

3. Small-cupped- the perianth is much shorter than the perianth lobes, and no more than 1/3 of its length. The flowers are two-colored, the perianth is yellow or white, sometimes apricot, orange crown, sometimes with a red border.

4. Terry (Double)- daffodils with six perianth lobes. Flowers are yellow, white, two-colored, for example, the outer lobes are yellow or white, and the inner ones are orange-red.

5. Split-Corona- the crown is cut by more than one third of the length. The varieties differ in the unusual shape of the corolla and crown, the originality of the combinations of several colorings (usually three), the large size (more than 18 cm in diameter) of the flowers and the different flowering period.

6. Triandrus (Triandrus)- these varieties have signs of three-stalk daffodil. The perianth is bent back, a long tube, its length sometimes exceeds the length of the perianth lobes. In triandrus daffodils, flowers are drooping, single.

7. Cyclamineus- varieties obtained by crossing the species cyclamen-shaped daffodil and cultivated forms. Perianth lobes are bent back, long tube, longer than perianth lobes. The flowers are drooping, solitary.

8. Jonquilla- the stem bears from 2-6 small flowers with a shortish crown, which have a pleasant smell. Plant height 40 cm.

9. Tazetta- on the peduncle 2-5 small fragrant flowers. In tacetal daffodils, the perianth lobes are rounded. The color of the flowers is yellow and snow-white. Tacetta daffodils are sensitive to low temperatures. For the winter, tacette daffodils need shelter.

10. Poetic (Poeticus)- This group is characterized by the characteristics of the species narcissus (Poeticus). There is a single flower on the stem. The perianth segments are white, the crown is brightly colored, small, it may be yellow with a bright edge. Most varieties have a delicate aroma that is neither strong nor harsh. The varieties of this group are good for forcing.

11. Bulbocodium hybrids (Bulbocodium). The flowers of these daffodils are small, bell-shaped.

12. All species daffodils. All other wild daffodils.

13. Others. All daffodils that do not fit the previous groups.

The location of the daffodil

Daffodils are a more shade-tolerant crop than, for example, tulips, but in sunny places the flowers and bulbs are much higher than in partial shade.

The narcissist is great at adapting to certain conditions. It grows in the flowerbed, and on the sod and under the trees in the garden.

Daffodil soil

Prefers fertile soil. Russian breeders believe that swampy and calcareous soils are unsuitable for daffodils.

In their opinion, the reaction of the soil should be neutral. The presence of humus in the substrate has a particular effect on the development of daffodil bulbs.

Planting a daffodil: A decrease in the number of flowering shoots suggests that the bulbs need to be replanted. It is necessary to harvest the bulbs immediately after the leaves turn yellow. You can't be late, the bulbs start rooting again, and, moreover, the late digging of daffodil bulbs negatively affects their quality.

After digging, the bulbs must be carefully examined, and the specimens affected by diseases and pests must be selected.

The best time for planting bulbs is September. If you follow these terms, the bulbs will take root until frost. The site for planting daffodils is cultivated in advance so that the soil has time to settle.

It is best to plant daffodils in asymmetrical groups.

If the plants are to be cut, it is advisable to plant the bulbs in rows. Planting depth depends on its size, climatic conditions, soil. Planting depth is 10-20 cm, sometimes 25 cm.

In hot weather, plantings should be watered, and in autumn mulched with peat, then covered with foliage, best of all birch. Some varieties of daffodils are winter-hardy and hibernate without shelter, but attacks do occur. In the spring, after the snow melts, the shelter is removed.

Daffodil care

Daffodils - plants, nitrogen-potassium nutrition. Initially, they need a strong nitrogen supply, and when flower stalks form, their need for potassium increases. The highest nutrient intake for this crop falls during the budding phase.

Daffodils are moisture-loving plants, so when they bloom and for the first four weeks after flowering, they should be watered if there is no rain.

Diseases and pests: nematodes and mites are common. Daffodils sometimes suffer from fusarium, as well as mosaic disease.

Reproduction of daffodils

The most effective way of breeding wild species is by sowing seeds before winter or in July. Seeds are sown in bowls or directly into the ground. For the first few years, it is best not to touch the seedlings until the bulb has formed.

Next, young plants are transplanted to a permanent place. Most of the species bloom only for 6 years, and small-flowered species - for 3 years. Hybrid forms and varieties are usually propagated by babies and bulbs.

Using daffodils

Daffodils are used in flower beds, flower beds, in separate spots, in groups between shrubs.

Narcissus is one of the best forcing plants. Wild daffodils are best planted in natural groups.

Narcissus produces good cutting material. They are cut during the colored bud period. Since daffodils secrete mucus, which contains toxic substances, they cannot be placed in the same container with other plants. But if you hold the daffodils separately for several hours, then they will be compatible with any colors.

Daffodils delight with their white-yellow heads and a magical aroma with the arrival of spring. A beautiful flower did not go unnoticed by poets, it is found in myths and legends. The narcissus is considered a symbol of spring and beauty, as well as a talisman of love.

Origin

The distribution area of ​​narcissus covers the Mediterranean and European countries, the northern territory of Africa. A number of varieties are grown in Asia and Japan. Daffodils choose damp meadows and deciduous mountain forests.

Name

Narcissus (Narcissus) is a member of the amaryllis family. This bulbous plant is monocotyledonous.

Description

From the bulb, ribbon-like leaves and bare stems with a filmy drag grow. Small or large flowers bloom at the top of the stem. They are located singly or in groups. Carried upright, slightly tilted or hanging down.

The flower is formed by a petal-shaped perianth, similar to a tubular funnel bent along the edge, and 6 oval petals with a sharp edge. The funnel is found in different heights, shapes and diameters and serves as a varietal distinction. The color of the petals and funnel is the same or different. The main colors of the daffodil are white and yellow.

Blooming daffodil has a pleasant, intoxicatingly sweet scent and is used in perfumery.

Daffodils are part of the group of ephemeroids that grow in a short, spring time. Flowering continues, depending on the variety, from April to June. In the climate of the middle lane, daffodil flowers appear in late April or May and bloom for 1-3 weeks. In July, the ground part dies off completely, and the bulb is preserved and sprouts the next year. This is how the plant adapts to the dry season and cold weather.

Varietal variety

There are about 60 wild species of daffodil registered. As a result of selection, the number of varieties and species has increased to 35 thousand.

The most common are:

Growing conditions

Perennial daffodils prefer bright areas and tolerate light shade well. They are unpretentious in care and breeding.

Daffodils will grow in garden soil with moderate moisture. Suitable for planting and loamy soils with medium shade. The soil must be neutral.

When choosing a site, pay attention to the level of occurrence of groundwater. It should not be less than 50-60 cm from the ground level. Otherwise, during the rainy season, daffodils begin to die off the extreme parts of the roots, which impairs growth. On heavy and wet soils with stagnant moisture, drainage is necessary. Clay and sandy soils are improved by adding humus.

Bulb care

Perennial plant bulbs with two and three apical. In young, non-flowering daffodils, the bulbs are single-peaked, and gradually develop. Ripe bulbs are round or elongated-oval in shape, in accordance with the variety.

Each adult bulb produces 1-3 babies per year. Renewal buds form within 2 years. The bulbs are constantly growing buds of different ages and there is almost no rest period.

The bulbs are dug up annually or every 2-4 years. You can remove the bulbs from the ground 2 months after flowering, around July. At this time, the leaves will already droop to the ground and turn yellow at the edges. If you skip the time to dig up the bulbs, then their location will be difficult to determine in the future, and damage is possible. The bulbs are separated from the children and dried. Only healthy, large specimens with yellow or white scales are selected. The presence of peeling can be a sign of a fungal disease.

For more than 5 years, only flowers have not been transplanted in a free planting on a lawn and in an alpine slide. For such cases, deep planting is used, which will stop the development of young bulbs.

For the purpose of reproduction, the bulbs are removed every year and planted immediately without drying. You can get a lot of bulbs and flowers from biennial plants.

Landing rules

Planting of daffodils is planned for the end of August - mid-September, so that there is time for rooting before the first frosts. Daffodils have a short rest period and should be planted before root growth begins. The site for the primary planting is dug up with rotted organic matter on a full bayonet of a shovel in June. A month before planting, peat, sand and fertilizers are introduced into the soil. Superphosphate and potassium salt will do.

The bulbs should be buried in the ground 12-15 cm into the prepared holes. So they will receive full hydration, as well as protection from cold and overheating. On heavy soils, they are placed at a depth of 10-12 cm, and on light soils - by 17 cm. Children and small onions are buried by 10 cm. Between the holes, they are kept 10-15 cm, depending on the size of the bulb. Dense placement contributes to the production of large flowers, and with sparseness, the bulbs grow more children.

After planting, the holes are watered and covered with a layer of mulch made from peat, foliage or straw.

Narcissus is also grown as a pot culture. The bulb is pretreated with a disinfectant. The pot is filled with a loose, nutritious substrate. Favorable conditions are air at + 20 °. Narcissus does not require transplant for several years. He can spend 6 seasons in one place.

Subtleties of care

For full growth and flowering, the flower needs feeding. There should be three of them per season. The first is carried out after the snow melts, the appearance of the first shoots, the second - in the budding phase. The third will be required in the active flowering phase.

The first feeding should be nitrogen-containing. To do this, use ammonium nitrate at the rate of 30 g per unit area. In the future, a complex mineral composition is introduced.

Daffodils are moisture-loving and during the active growing season, watering is carried out regularly. Watering is also necessary on dry days. Watering will be required for another 4-6 weeks after flowering ends. It is at this time that a future flower is laid in the bulb.

When growing daffodils, you need to pay attention to the variety. So, triandrus prefer shading, jonquil grows better in the sun and clay soils, and cyclamen need moisture.

The dry part of the daffodils left for the winter is removed, and the ground is leveled. The holes left over from the leaves should be filled in to prevent the bulbs from being damaged by hoverfly larvae. In harsh winters, the daffodil area should be covered.

Pests, diseases

There are several nematodes observed in daffodils:

• stem,
• root and bulbous,
• fusarium and sclerocial rot.

Of the insect pests, the flower is infect, the daffodil and bulb flies. To combat diseases and pests, plants are treated with a targeted fungicide.

Placing in the garden

Daffodils are used for spring bouquets and are grown for distillation. They are planted in flower beds and alpine slides, in mixborders and rabatkas, on lawns.

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